Terrestrial ecotoxicological studies for veterinary pharmaceuticals in livestock dung in the field: Phase II Tier A and beyond

The environmental risk from veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs), which are usually called veterinary medical products (VMPs) must be assessed according to European legislation: in particular, parasiticides that are used for pastured animals (eg, sheep, cattle etc). This is especially true regarding the non-target effects of faecal residues on dung-dwelling organisms. Focusing ...